Hofisi yeNational Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters yakazivisa zviri pamutemo musi waChikunguru 1 kuti nyika yangu yapinda mumwaka mukuru wemafashamo nenzira yakatenderedza, kudzora mafashamo uye kusanaya kwemvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana kwapinda panguva yakaoma, uye zvinhu zvekudzora mafashamo. vakapinda mumamiriro e "yambiro" panguva imwe chete.
Tichienzanisa zvinhu zvekudzora mafashamo zvakaziviswa mumakore apfuura, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mabhegi akarukwa, geotextiles, anti-sefa zvinhu, matanda ematanda, waya dzesimbi, anonyudza pombi, nezvimwe zvichiri nhengo huru dzezvinhu zvekudzivirira mafashama.Chii chakasiyana nemakore apfuura ndechokuti gore rino, chikamu che geotextiles muzvinhu zvekudzivirira mafashamo chakasvika 45%, iyo ndiyo yakakwirira mumakore apfuura, uye yakava inonyanya kukosha "mubatsiri mutsva" mukutonga kwemafashamo uye basa rokuyamura pakusanaya kwemvura. .
Muchokwadi, pamusoro pekuita basa rakakosha mukuita basa rekudzora mafashama, mumakore achangopfuura, geotextile zvinhu zvakare zvakabudirira kushandiswa mumigwagwa mikuru, njanji, kuchengetedza mvura, kurima, mabhiriji, zviteshi, engineering yezvakatipoteredza, simba reindasitiri uye mamwe mapurojekiti ane avo. zvakanakisa zvivakwa.Sangano reFreedonia Group, rinozivikanwa zvikuru rekupa mazano pamusika muUnited States, rinofanotaura kuti tichitarisa kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemigwagwa, kunaka kwekuvaka nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemamwe minda yekushandisa, kudiwa kwepasi rose kwegeosynthetics kuchasvika. 5.2 bhiriyoni square metres muna 2017. MuChina, India, Russia nedzimwe nzvimbo, nhamba huru yezvivako zvakarongwa uye ichaiswa mukuvakwa imwe pashure peimwe.Pamwe chete nekushanduka kwemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mitemo yekuvaka zvivakwa, iyi misika iri kusimukira inotarisirwa kukura zvakatsiga munguva inotevera.Pakati pavo, kudiwa muChina Kukura kunotarisirwa kuverengera hafu yehuwandu hwepasirese kudiwa.Nyika dzakabudirira dzine mukanawo wekukura.MuNorth America, semuenzaniso, kukura kunonyanya kufambiswa nemakodhi matsva ekuvaka uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, uye inofananidzwa muWestern Europe neJapan.
Maererano neshumo yekutsvagisa nemusika wekambani yeTransparency Market Research, musika wepasi rose wegeotextiles ucharamba uchikura pamwero wegore negore we10.3% mumakore mana anotevera, uye muna 2018, kukosha kwemusika kuchawedzera kusvika 600 miriyoni US madhora;Iko kudiwa kwe geotextiles kuchawedzera kusvika 3.398 bhiriyoni masikweya metres muna 2018, uye huwandu hwekukura kwegore hucharamba huri pa8.6% panguva iyoyo.Tarisiro yebudiriro inogona kutsanangurwa se "yakakura".
Global: Ruva rekushandisa "rinotumbuka kwese kwese"
Senyika ine kushandiswa kukuru kwegeotextiles pasirese, United States parizvino ine makambani anogadzira makumi mashanu makuru ekugadzira geosynthetics pamusika.Muna 2013, United States yakashambadza MAP-21 Transportation Act, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa tekinoroji zvinodiwa pakuvaka zvivakwa zvekufambisa uye geographic management.Maererano neMutemo, hurumende ichagovera mabhiriyoni zana nemazana mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica kuvandudza nzvimbo dzekufambisa dzepasi muUnited States.VaRamkumar Sheshadri, purofesa anoshanya weAmerican Nonwovens Industry Association, vakaratidza kuti kunyange hazvo chirongwa chehurumende yemubatanidzwa chemigwagwa mikuru chichave nemhedzisiro pamusika wepavement munaGunyana 2014 hazvisati zvazivikanwa, asi zvine chokwadi kuti musika weUS geosynthetics uchange uripo. mumusika.Muna 2014, yakawana kukura kwe40%.VaRamkumar Sheshadri vakafanotaurawo kuti mumakore mashanu kusvika ku7 anotevera, misika yeUnited States geosynthetics inogona kuunza kutengesa kwemamiriyoni matatu kusvika ku3.5 mamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.
Mudunhu reArab, kuvakwa kwemigwagwa uye ivhu rekudzora injiniya ndidzo mbiri huru dzekushandisa nzvimbo dze geotextiles, uye kudiwa kwema geotextiles ekudzora kukurwa kwevhu kunotarisirwa kukura pamwero wepagore we7.9%.Yegore rino nyowani "Geotextiles uye Geogrids Development kuUnited Arab Emirates (UAE) uye Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)" mushumo wakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwemapurojekiti ekuvaka, musika wegeotextiles muUAE neGCC masimba Inosvika 101 miriyoni. US dollars, uye inotarisirwa kudarika mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora ekuAmerica mugore ra2019;maererano nehuwandu, huwandu hwezvinhu zve geotechnical zvakashandiswa muna 2019 huchasvika 86.8 miriyoni square metres.
Panguva imwecheteyo, hurumende yeIndia iri kuronga kuvaka mugwagwa mukuru wenyika wemakiromita makumi maviri, izvo zvichakurudzira hurumende kuisa 2,5 bhiriyoni yuan muzvigadzirwa zve geotechnical industry;hurumende dzeBrazil neRussia dzakazivisawo nguva pfupi yadarika kuti dzichavaka migwagwa yakafara, inova inonyatso shanda kune zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri geotechnical.Iko kudiwa kwezvinhu kucharatidza mutsara unokwira kumusoro;kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zveChina kuri kuitikawo muna 2014.
Zvemumba: “homwe yetswanda” yematambudziko asina kugadziriswa
Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwemitemo, nyika yedu geosynthetics zvigadzirwa zvatova neimwe nheyo, asi kuchine "mabhegi ematambudziko makuru uye madiki" akadai sekudzokorora kwakadzika-pamwero, kusava nehanya nekuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye kutsvagisa kwemusika wemukati nekunze.
Wang Ran, purofesa paChikoro cheSainzi neUinjiniya cheNanjing University, akataura mubvunzurudzo kuti kusimukira kweindasitiri ye geotextile hakuparadzaniswe kubva kugwara rehurumende nekusimudzira.Kusiyana neizvi, huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwese hweindasitiri huchiri padanho rakaderera.Semuyenzaniso, iyo geotextile indasitiri munyika dzakasimukira dzakaita seJapan neUnited States ichaisa mari yakawanda yevashandi uye zviwanikwa mukugadzirwa kweinjiniya uye kuyedza kwekutanga kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuitisa tsvakiridzo yekutanga pamusoro pekukanganisa kwenzvimbo yemhepo pane zvigadzirwa uye side effects of marine environment pane zvigadzirwa.Basa racho rakapa zvivimbiso zvekutsvagisa zvekuvandudzwa kwemhando uye zvehunyanzvi zvezvigadzirwa zvinotevera, asi nyika yangu ine tsvakiridzo nekudyara kushoma munzvimbo ino.Uye zvakare, mhando yezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa zvichiri kuda kuvandudzwa, uye kuchine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuvandudza mukugadzirisa tekinoroji.
Pamusoro peiyo Hardware haina "yakaoma" zvakakwana, iyo software inotsigira haina kuramba iripo.Semuenzaniso, kushomeka kwemazinga nderimwe rematambudziko makuru mukusimudzira indasitiri yenyika yangu geotextile.Nyika dzekunze dzakagadzira hurongwa hwakazara, hwakakwana uye hwakakamurwa hunoenderana neyakasiyana chigadzirwa zvigadzirwa, minda yekushandisa, mabasa, maitiro ekugadzirisa, nezvimwewo, uye zvichiri kuvandudzwa nekudzokororwa.Mukuenzanisa, nyika yangu inononoka zvakanyanya mune izvi.Izvo zvino zvakamisikidzwa zviyero zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: application tekinoroji yakatarwa, zvigadzirwa zviyero uye bvunzo zviyero.Iwo mayedzo ekuyera e geosynthetics anoshandiswa anonyanya kuumbwa zvichireva ISO uye ASTM zviyero.
Iripo: "Kukurukurirana nesimba" mukuvaka geotechnical
Kugadzira hakusi kwakaoma.Zvinoenderana nedatha yakaongororwa neChina Industrial Textiles Industry Association, indasitiri yepasi pegeotechnical yakatarisana nenharaunda yakanaka yekunze: kutanga, nyika inoramba ichiwedzera mari muzvivakwa zvekufambisa, uye mari yekuchengetedza mvura yakawedzera zvishoma, ichipa vatengi vakagadzikana kuindasitiri iyi. ;chechipiri, Iyo kambani inoshingairira kuongorora musika weinjiniya yezvakatipoteredza, uye mirairo yekambani yakazara gore rose.Indasitiri yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza yave nzvimbo itsva yekukura kwezvinhu zve geotechnical.Chechitatu, nekukura kwemapurojekiti einjiniya ekunze kwenyika yangu, zvigadzirwa zvenyika yangu zve geotechnical zvakaenda kunze kwenyika kutsigira mapurojekiti mazhinji makuru.
Zhang Hualin, maneja mukuru weYangtze River Estuary Waterway Construction Co., Ltd., anotenda kuti geotextiles ine tarisiro yemusika inovimbisa munyika yangu, uye inotoonekwa semusika mukuru unokwanisa pasi rose.Zhang Hualin akataura kuti zvigadzirwa zve geosynthetic zvinosanganisira kuvaka, kuchengetedza mvura, machira uye mamwe minda, uye maindasitiri akasiyana anofanirwa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwenguva dzose, kuwedzera kusimba kwekubatana kwekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zve geosynthetic, uye kugadzira chigadzirwa dhizaini nekusimudzira maindasitiri akasiyana. service.Panguva imwecheteyo, vagadziri vasina-yakarukwa geotextile vanofanirwa kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti ane hukama, uye nekupa zvinoenderana zvinotsigira makambani ari pasi pekutenga kuburikidza nekubatana nemakambani ari kumusoro, kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zvigone kushandiswa zvirinani mumapurojekiti.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuyedzwa kwakakodzera ndiko kutarisa kwemhando yechigadzirwa uye mhando yeinjiniya, uye zvakare ine basa rezvivakwa zvevanhu.Kuongorora mhando yeprojekiti uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwekuvaka chikamu chakakosha cheinjiniya application.Mushure memakore ekuyedzwa kunoshanda, zvakaonekwa kuti chigadzirwa uye hunhu hweinjiniya hwe geosynthetics hunogona kunzwisiswa kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwemurabhoritari kana kuedzwa kwemunda kwe geosynthetics, uyezve iyo chaiyo dhizaini paramita inogona kutsanangurwa.Iwo ekuona zviratidzo zve geosynthetics anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita zviratidziro zvemuviri, mashandiro emakanika zviratidzi, hydraulic performance zviratidzo, durability performance indicators, uye kudyidzana zviratidzo pakati pe geosynthetics nevhu.Nekushandiswa kwakakura kwe geotextiles mukuvaka huinjiniya uye nekushandiswa kweyepamusoro nzira dzekuyedza, nyika yangu nhanho dzekuyedza dzinofanirawo kuramba dzichivandudzwa.
Ko kubatanidza kumusoro nekudzika kwagadzirira here?
Enterprise anodaro
Kunetseka kwemushandisi nezvekuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa
Mumapurojekiti ezvivakwa zvekunze, chikamu chemicheka yeindasitiri yemaindasitiri chasvika 50%, nepo chikamu chepamba chiripo 16% kusvika 17%.Iyo gaka iri pachena rinoratidzawo nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzira muChina.Nekudaro, kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yemumba kana midziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kwagara kuchiita kuti mabhizinesi mazhinji emaindasitiri abatanidzwe.
Isu tinobvuma kuti pakutanga, kana takatarisana nekusahadzika pamusoro pekuita kwemidziyo yemumba nemabhizinesi emaindasitiri, yaive "nhema", asi imhaka yekusahadzika uku kwatinovandudza, uye ikozvino haina mutengo wemidziyo chete. iri 1/3 yemidziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, mhando yemachira anorema anogadzirwa ari padyo kana kutonyanya nani pane edzimwe nyika.Hazvirambiki kuti kunyangwe nyika yedu iri kumashure zvishoma mukuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvakanaka, nhanho yemumba yasvika padanho rekutanga-kirasi mumunda wemachira emaindasitiri.
Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd., seyakakura kugadzira hwaro hwemachira akakosha ezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri muChina, inonyanya kugadzira machira epolyester mesh looms, akawanda-layer bhandi looms yemugodhi wemaindasitiri, uye ekupedzisira-yakafara geotextile looms.Nhasi, kambani inoyedza kuvaka iyo yega furati-nzira nhatu yekugadzira machira bhizinesi muChina nerubatsiro rweGCMT2500 spiral umbrella CNC machining Center uye flat-nzira nhatu loom iri kugadzirwa uye kuyedza-kugadzirwa, nekudaro kupinda muindasitiri yemauto uye. kubatsira kuindasitiri yedziviriro yenyika yangu.
Kunyangwe iyo batch yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvekambani haina hombe, iwo akasiyana akapfuma, uye anogona kugadziridzwa kune akasiyana maindasitiri.Midziyo inogadzirwa neyedu inogonawo kuwana kugadzikana kwakanaka, uye kukunda dambudziko rekusakwanisa kumira chero nguva, kuderedza dambudziko rekuremara mumapira.Pakati pavo, iyo yakatsetseka-nzira nhatu loom haigone kungowedzera kubvarura simba rechigadzirwa, asiwo Iyo warp uye weft simba rechigadzirwa rinowedzerwa panguva imwe chete.□ Hou Jianming (Mutevedzeri Mukuru Mukuru weShijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd.)
Iyo yakaderera mwero weiyo tekinoroji haigone kuregererwa
nyika yangu geotextiles icharamba ichikura nenhamba mbiri mumakore gumi nemashanu anotevera, kusanganisira kuvaka kwekuchengetedza mvura, mapurojekiti ekufambisa mvura kubva kuMaodzanyemba kuenda kuNorth, pamwe nemapurojekiti akadai sezviteshi, nzizi, madziva nemakungwa, uye kutonga kwejecha.Mari iyi inotarisirwa kusvika patrillion yuan.
Tichitora Yangtze River Estuary Waterway Project semuenzaniso, chirongwa chese cheYangtze River Estuary Waterway chinoda mamirioni makumi matatu emamita ema geotextiles.Chikamu chekutanga chepurojekiti nekudyara kwe3.25 bhiriyoni yuan chatoshandisa 7 miriyoni square metres yeakasiyana geotextiles.Kubva pamaonero ekupa, anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi matatu emabhizimusi ekugadzira geotextile uye anopfuura mazana matatu emitsara yekugadzira akabuda munyika yese, aine huwandu hwegore hwekugadzira hunopfuura mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emamita emamita, hunogona kuzadzisa imwe dhigirii yekudiwa mune zvese zvinhu.Kune rimwe divi, inoyevedza yemusika inogona, uye kune rumwe rutivi, yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa vimbiso yekugovera.Semhando nyowani yezvivakwa zvekuvaka zvine simba rakasimba uye inotora maindasitiri akawanda, geotextiles ari kunyanya kukurumidza munyika yangu nhasi kana kuwedzera kudiwa kwemba uye kuwedzera kuvaka kwezvivakwa.revo chaiyo.
Nekudaro, parizvino, nyika yangu isina-yakarukwa geomaterials ichine dambudziko reimwe chigadzirwa chakasiyana uye chisaenderana nekupa, uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu zvinoshaya tsvakiridzo nekugadzira.Mumapurojekiti akakosha, nekuda kwekushomeka kwemhando kana hurombo husina kunaka, zvichiri kudikanwa kuunza huwandu hukuru hwemhando yepamusoro geotextiles kubva kunze kwenyika.Uye zvakare, vazhinji vanogadzira fiber raw material vagadziri uye geotextile vagadziri vanochengetedza yakafanana uye yakazvimirira yekugadzirisa modhi, iyo inodzikamisa zvakanyanya kunaka uye purofiti yekuvandudza geotextiles.Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yekuvandudza hutano hwepurojekiti yose uye kuderedza mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa munguva inotevera zvakare inyaya isingagoni kuregererwa.Sekuona kwangu, kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwe geotextiles kunoda kubatana kwakakwana mukati meindasitiri yese cheni, uye kugadzirwa kwekubatanidza kubva kune zvigadzirwa, zvishandiso kune zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvinogona kuunza mhinduro yakakwana kuindasitiri iyi.□ Zhang Hualin (Mutungamiriri Mukuru weShandong Tianhai New Material Engineering Co., Ltd.)
Nyanzvi dzinoti
Special looms inozadza mukaha wepamba
Tichitora Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Company semuenzaniso, panguva yekushanya kwesaiti, takaona chinorema-chakakosha chirukwa chichishanda.Kufara kwaro kunopfuura mamita gumi nemashanu, upamhi hwejira iri 12.8 metres, chiyero chekuisa weft i900 rpm, uye simba rekurova matani matatu./ m, inogona kuve ne 16 kusvika ku24 akaporeswa mafuremu, iyo weft density inogona kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa kubva pa1200 / 10cm.Yakakura yakadaro loom zvakare inoumba mesh rapier loom yekubatanidza muchina, magetsi, gasi, mvura uye chiedza.Ndekekutanga kuti tizvione uye tinzwe kufara zvikuru.Aya akakosha looms haangozadzi gap repamba chete, asiwo anoendesa kunze kwenyika.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti mabhizinesi ekugadzira asarudze nzira chaiyo yekugadzira.Iwe unofanirwa kuita nepaunogona napo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ako pachako, ita nepaunogona napo, uye tora mabasa ako emagariro nehungwaru.Kuti fekitari ishande zvakanaka, chinokosha hachisi chokuva nenhamba huru yevashandi, asi kuva neboka riri pedyo zvikuru uye rakabatana.□ Wu Yongsheng (Senior Consultant weChina Textile Machinery Industry Association)
Standard specifications inofanira kuwedzerwa
Mumakore gumi anotevera kana anopfuura munyika yangu, kuchave nekuwanda mapurojekiti ekuvaka ekuvaka, uye kudiwa kwegeotextiles kuchawedzerawo.Civil engineering kuvaka ine musika wakakura ungangoita, uye China ichave musika mukuru wekushambadzira wegeosynthetics munyika.
Geotextiles zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza.Kumutswa kwepasi rose kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza kwakawedzera kudiwa kwegeomembranes uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira maindasitiri, nekuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi hakuna zvakukanganisa pane zvakasikwa uye hazvikonzere kukuvadza kwakawanda kunharaunda yepasi.Madhipatimendi akakodzera anoisa kukosha kukuru kune mashandisirwo nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvegeosynthetic.Nyika ichashandisa 720 bhiriyoni yuan kupedzisa kuvaka kwezvivakwa zvitanhatu zvikuru mukati memakore matatu.Panguva imwecheteyo, zviyero zvechigadzirwa, bvunzo nzira yakajairwa dhizaini, uye yekuvaka tekinoroji zvirevo zve geosynthetic zvinhu zvinofanirwawo kuteverwa mukutevedzana.Nhanganyaya inogona kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwe geosynthetics.□ Zhang Ming (Purofesa, Chikoro cheZvinhu Sainzi neUinjiniya, Tianjin University)
Global Trends
Geotextiles yemigwagwa mikuru uye njanji zvakare inotora nzira ye "njere"
Mutungamiriri wepasi rose mune geotextiles, Royal Dutch TenCate, nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa kuvandudzwa kweTenCate Mirafi RS280i, yakangwara geotextile yekusimbisa mugwagwa uye njanji.Chigadzirwa chinosanganisa yakakwira modulus, dielectric inogara, kupatsanurwa uye yakanakisa interfacial synergy, uye ikozvino yapinda panguva yekuongorora patent.TenCate Mirafi RS280i ndeyechitatu uye yekupedzisira chigadzirwa muTenCate's RSi chigadzirwa chakatevedzana.Mamwe maviri ndiTenCate Mirafi RS580i uye TenCate Mirafi RS380i.Iyo yekutanga ine huinjiniya hwepamusoro uye simba repamusoro, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kusimbisa base uye pasi rakapfava.Yakasimba, ine kukwirira kwemvura inopenya uye ivhu rinobata mvura;iyo yekupedzisira yakareruka kupfuura RS580i uye imhinduro yehupfumi kune nzvimbo dzisina kuomesesa migwagwa zvinodiwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo "Vertical Sand Resistant Geotextile" yakagadziridzwa naTencate yakahwina "Water Innovation Award 2013 ″, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ipfungwa isingaenzaniswi yekuvandudza, kunyanya yakakodzera kune yakakosha nharaunda yeNetherlands.Vertical jecha fixation geotextiles mhinduro yekuvandudza kudzivirira kuumbwa kwema ducts.Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti iyo sefa unit yemucheka inongobvumira mvura kupfuura, asi kwete jecha.Shandisa zvipingamupinyi zve geotextiles kugadzira mapaipi pane polder, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti jecha nevhu zvinoramba zviri pasi pemupendero kudzivirira kukonzeresa kuputika.Sekureva kwemishumo, iyi mhinduro inobva kuTencate's Geotube geotube bag system.Kubatanidza izvi neTencate's GeoDetect inonzwa tekinoroji inovimbisa kuve inodhura-inoshanda uchiwedzera iyo levee.TenCate GeoDetect R ndiyo yekutanga kungwara pasi rose geotextile system.Hurongwa uhu hunogona kupa yambiro yekukurumidza kushanduka kwechimiro chevhu.
Iko kushandiswa kwefiber optical kune geotextiles kunogonawo kuipa mamwe mabasa akakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2022